Physical properties of refractories include structural properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, service properties and operating properties.

The structural properties of refractories include porosity, volume density, water absorption, air permeability and pore size distribution.

The thermal properties of refractories include thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal emissivity, etc.

The mechanical properties of refractories include compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, torsional strength, shear strength, impact strength, wear resistance, creep, bond strength, modulus of elasticity and so on.

The properties of refractories include fire resistance, load softening temperature, change of reburning line, thermal shock resistance, slag resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, hydration resistance, CO corrosion resistance, conductivity, oxidation resistance, etc.